Incidence of Toxoplasmosis, knowledge and associated factors among female students of childbearing age in the seventh cycle of the Bachelor's Degree in Clinical Laboratory, at Universidad Dr. Andrés Bello

Abstract

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite with a high capacity to invade host cells. Its motility mechanism is based on actin, allowing it to penetrate cells rapidly. This enables it to spread rapidly throughout the body, affecting tissues such as the central nervous system, muscles, and internal organs. Objective: To determine seropositivity for IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, as well as to evaluate the level of knowledge and associated risk factors in female students of reproductive age in the seventh semester of the Clinical Laboratory Science program at Dr. Andrés Bello University, San Miguel Regional Campus, during the period of January to June 2025. Components and methodology: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and non-experimental study, incorporating ethical considerations. The IgG/IgM Toxoplasmosis Rapid Test cassette (Serum/Plasma) and an assessment tool were used to identify associated risk factors. Results: According to the results, 60% (n=15) of the participants tested negative for both IgG and IgM, while 40% (n=10) tested positive only for IgG. Conclusion: This finding indicates that a considerable portion of the participants have been exposed to the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Although there is currently no active infection, a latent risk is identified, especially if they become pregnant without knowing their current immune status. IgG and IgM screening is recommended, especially for women planning a pregnancy, to prevent complications such as miscarriage, congenital malformations, or fetal developmental delay.